Since an Ubuntu update on 2023-05-24, graphics seem to be broken on Chrome and Microsoft Edge browsers.
Method 1
A workaround is to remove the GPUCache
folder in .config
Google Chrome
rm -rf ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/GPUCache
Microsoft Edge
rm -rf ~/.config/microsoft-edge/Default/GPUCache
Method 2
If the browser still act weirdly, just remove all configuration and caches in the local.
You will need to start from fresh, make sure you keep or sync bookmarks
Google Chrome
rm -rf ~/.cache/google-chrome
rm -rf ~/.config/google-chrome
Microsoft Edge
rm -rf ~/.cache/microsoft-edge
rm -rf ~/.config/microsoft-edge
Reference: