Since an Ubuntu update on 2023-05-24, graphics seem to be broken on Chrome and Microsoft Edge browsers.

Method 1

A workaround is to remove the GPUCache folder in .config

Google Chrome

rm -rf ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/GPUCache

Microsoft Edge

rm -rf ~/.config/microsoft-edge/Default/GPUCache

Method 2

If the browser still act weirdly, just remove all configuration and caches in the local.

You will need to start from fresh, make sure you keep or sync bookmarks

Google Chrome

rm -rf ~/.cache/google-chrome
rm -rf ~/.config/google-chrome

Microsoft Edge

rm -rf ~/.cache/microsoft-edge
rm -rf ~/.config/microsoft-edge

Reference: